In 1947, the Indian sub-continent
was partitioned into Muslim East and West Pakistan (later Bangladesh) divided
by Hindu-dominated India. Families were uprooted and mass migrations of
Muslims and Hindus led to violence, rape, looting, and abductions of women
on both sides. The official estimate of the number of abducted women was
placed at 50,000 Muslims in India and 33,000 Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan.
Some of the women were forced to commit suicide to protect the family "honour"
while others ended up marrying their abductors out of self protection,
a theme dramatised in Silent Waters, a film by U.S. educated Pakistani
director Sabiha Sumar. Sumar has taken the film all over Pakistan, to cities
and small towns alike, in hopes of stimulating a debate about the nature
and causes of Islamic extremism. . Set in Pakistan in 1979,
the film traces the roots of fundamentalism in Pakistan to the overthrow
and execution of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the ascension of
fundamentalist General Zia ul-Haq. It tells the story of a Muslim widow
Ayesha (Kirron Kher) who is losing her son to a group of Islamic extremists
and the tragic consequences in her own life. Saleem (Aamir Malik, a Gael
Bernal look-alike) is a carefree 18-year old courting Zubeida (Shilpa Shukla),
an intelligent and ambitious teenager. When his girlfriend goes away to
an all-girls college, he is left at home to think about his future and
dreams of a life of doing more than working in the fields. Ultimately,
his harsh poverty, peer pressure, and a sense of unfulfilled ambition make
him a vulnerable target for the Muslim clerics.
Recruited by the zealots
in his own village, he quickly becomes an aggressive jihadist, abruptly
turning his back on his mother and his girlfriend. Several scenes show
the growing fear and intolerance the movement spreads in the name of racial
purity: the sudden building of a brick wall around a girls school playground,
and the bullying of shop owners to close their doors during prayer time.
According to Sumar, "There was just a kind of fear that led people to stop
thinking. When fear becomes pervasive, you stop questioning." Ayesha becomes
haunted by flashbacks, a recurring dream of a young girl screaming and
running from a well. When a group of Sikh pilgrims come to town to pray
at the village mosque, enmity flares up again and Ayesha is forced to confront
a dark secret in her past and a little-known chapter of violence against
women in Pakistan's history.
Silent Waters is
a strong indictment of the intolerance and the abuse of women caused by
religious differences, yet it's potential is not fully realized. Aside
from the introduction of Bollywood-style songs and dances at the beginning
that feels out of place, both good guys and bad guys are shown without
any nuance or dimensionality, especially the militants who are little more
than caricatures and the motivation behind Saleem's easy recruitment is
unclear. In spite of these aesthetic considerations, Silent Waters
is an important film that helps us to better appreciate the vulnerability
of women during times of political crises and the factors that may have
led to the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. If it encourages us to learn
more about the history and times, it will have served an extremely useful
purpose. It just could have been so much more.