In 1996 a panel was created
called the Independent Commission of Experts headed by historian Jean Francois
Bergier to study Switzerland's wartime past. The report of the Bergier
Commission, though acknowledging the many refugees Switzerland accepted
during 1940-45, condemned its wartime practices of deporting Jewish refugees
(around 30,000) back to Germany, accusing Swiss officials of pursuing an
inhumane policy at odds with the country's tradition of offering asylum
to those facing persecution. A Swiss/Austrian/West German co-production,
Markus Imhoof's striking drama The Boat is Full dramatizes this issue,
challenging myths about Swiss wartime virtue and innocence.
Nominated for an Oscar
in 1982 for Best Foreign Film, The Boat is Full is not widely known in
the U.S. but it is one of the finest films dealing with the holocaust.
In the film, a group of German Jewish refugees must pretend they are a
family in order to be granted asylum in Switzerland (refugee families with
children under 6 are allowed to remain in Switzerland) but are faced with
the rigidity of small-minded bureaucrats who see it as their duty to uphold
the letter of the law. As the film opens, a German train is halted because
of a Swiss attempt to wall off the tunnel to close potential escape routes.
Six people, four Jews, a French child, and a deserting German soldier jump
off the train and seek refuge at a rural inn, run by a married couple Laurent
and Franz Fluckiger (Renate Steiger and Mathias Gnadinger). It is only
afterwards that they discover that the country maintains strict quotas
and that they are in danger of being deported.
To survive, they pose
as a family. Judith Kruger (Tina Engel), a young woman, pretends that she
is the wife of Karl Schneider (Gerd David), a Nazi deserter, an elderly
man from Vienna, Lazar Ostrowskij (Curt Bois) pretends to be her father,
and a young boy (Simone Maruice), who can only speak French, pretends that
he is a deaf mute. The scheme is threatened, however, when a hard-nosed
constable comes to investigate and Judith's real husband escapes from a
work camp and tries to find her. Though we do not know the protagonists
on other than a surface level, The Boat is Full is still a powerful film
that reminds us that rigidly supporting the letter of the law does not
always mean adhering to its spirit, or understanding the personal consequences
that may result.